Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Dimensions of organisation structure & Technology Research Paper
Dimensions of organisation structure & Technology - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, Toyota experiences considerable difficulties with delegating its power to national plant branch representatives and managers. As a result, the effectiveness of change management and organizational processes within Toyota has little to do with technologies per se but implies the need to restructure the company’s organizational culture and values from the bottom. Toyota Motor Corporation is rightly considered as a gold standard of the automotive industry and a role model for other car manufacturers to follow (Bauer & Erdogan 2009). Organizational structure is believed to be one of the key factors of Toyota’s sustained commercial success. Even as its competitors were losing billions because of the recession, Toyota still managed to retain its position of a leader in the global car making industry. Recent advances in technologies contribute to Toyota’s organizational achievements and success. The organizational structure of Toyota is that of innovation, technologies, and change (Leonard 1997). With an emphasis made on just-in-time manufacturing, teamwork, and complex enterprise architectures, Toyota relies â€Å"on a series of interrelated and internally consistent choices that reflect the priorities and trade-offs in its competitive situation and strategy†(Hayes & Pisano 1994, p.18). Technologies predetermine the organiz ational structure and development pathways in Toyota; nonetheless, they do not secure the company from organizational and structural failures. That technologies are at the heart of the company’s organizational structure cannot be denied. Everything within the Toyota Corporation is built on the principles of just-in-time production (JIT). The latter is closely aligned with complex information systems and, simultaneously, guarantees that all elements of the company’s organizational structure operate to deliver raw materials and supplies at the time they are needed and used (Bauer & Erdogan 2009). JIT
Monday, October 28, 2019
Public Safety and Privacy Essay Example for Free
Public Safety and Privacy Essay Abstract            After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the U.S. constantly tries to find the correct balance between privacy and public safety. Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. John Doe has revealed the important implications of public safety towards privacy in the United States.   Introduction            The terrorist acts of 9/11 have revealed serious inconsistencies between public safety and privacy in the legal system of the United States. Numerous laws, legal norms, and Supreme Court decisions have only increased the growing tension between the two notions of public safety and privacy. The natural state’s desire to protect its citizens from terrorist threats has evidently neglected the importance of stable balance between public safety and privacy. As a result, the state cannot effectively promote both legal values and has to sacrifice one legal notion for the sake of protecting the other.            Connecticut v. Doe: summary of the case Among other things, Connecticut’s ‘Megan’s Law’ requires persons convicted of sexual offenses to register with the Department of Public Safety (DPS) upon their release into the community, and requires DPS to post a sex offender registry containing registrant’s names, addresses, photographs, and descriptions on an Internet website and to make the registry available to the public in certain state offices. (Supreme Court of the United States, 2002) In the case of Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe, the Supreme Court of the United States has actually overturned the orders of the lower district courts, which prescribed Connecticut Department of Public Safety to shut down its official website, which presented the visitors with the information about convicted sex offenders, and to prevent public access to printed information about sex offenders. The lower courts concluded that spreading information about sex offenders and making it public initially implicated the liberty interests of those who could become potential registrants of the discussed website (Supreme Court of the United States, 2002).            Supreme Court of the United States has completely disagreed with the previous decisions of the lower courts. John Doe was trying to defend his position by stating that he was not dangerous during the time when he was registered at the website. However, the Supreme Court has come to conclusion that regardless the danger sex offenders actually presented, they had to be registered. Objectively, it does not matter whether the sex offender is dangerous or not. Connecticut’s â€Å"Megan’s Law†does not refer to any particular level of danger, according to which sex offenders should or should not be registered at Connecticut’s DPS website. It was sufficient for the U.S. Supreme Court to state that sex offenders were given an opportunity to contest their guilt during the sex offense court proceedings. Regardless the danger sex offenders represent, they must be registered at Connecticut DPS website, and to make their personal information publicly accessible.            Connecticut v. Doe: implications            The discussed case has generated acute public response. Beyond that, the case has carried profound implications for the social policies in the public safety area in the United States. To start with, â€Å"Connecticut’s Megan’s Law applies, with a few exceptions, to persons convicted after October 1, 1988 of criminal offenses against a minor, violent and nonviolent sexual offenses, and felonies committed for a sexual purpose†(Brooks, 1996). When sex offenders are released and enter the community, they are obliged to register with the sex offenders’ informational registry developed by Connecticut Department of Public Safety. Certainly, this is an effective measure of providing the community with the objective information its potential dangerous members. Simultaneously, sex offenders are not deprived of traditional personal and privacy rights. As a result, Connecticut’s Megan’s Law risks breaking the discussed privacy rights of those who has already been convicted and released from jail.            With the desire to promote public safety, the U.S. has proved that such cannot exist in line with the privacy rights of those who can easily breach public safety again. Connecticut v. Doe has pushed the importance of public safety to the foreground, making it more important than privacy rights of sex offenders. The case has directly implied that social policies in the area of public safety require better focus on privacy rights. It is interesting to note, that in his justification of the Supreme Court’s decision, Justice Scalia compared Connecticut’s Megan’s Law with the law which prohibited everyone under age of 16 to drive a motor vehicle: â€Å"that is why, [†¦] a convicted sex offender has no more right to additional ‘process’ enabling him to establish that he is not dangerous than a 15-year-old has a right to ‘process’ enabling him to establish that he is a safe driver†(Supre me Court of the United States, 2002). Having drawn this analogy, the Justice has actually left no hope for the privacy rights’ defenders to protect privacy against public safety. The case has proven that the U.S. public safety policies lack profound understanding of what constitutes substantial risk to public safety and what factors could justify the breach of privacy rights.            Public safety remains the preliminary concern within the contemporary American legal system. The U.S. Patriot Act has become the culmination of the U.S. fight for public stability, safety, and peace. In the light of constant terrorist threats privacy rights seem to lose their relevance and turn into secondary legal elements. Although it is difficult to compare and equal terrorism to sex offense, sex offenders still create one of the major criminal dangers in the society, taking into account the extremely high level of recidivism among them (Inbau, 1999). There is no guarantee that a convicted and released sex offender would not commit another crime of sexual character. This is why the state makes it possible to justify the emphasis on public safety for the account of privacy rights.            In reality, the discussed case creates some generalizations about the state of public safety policies in the United States. On the one hand, the U.S. Patriot Act and legal enforcement agencies promote the importance and prevalence of public safety principles over the privacy rights. On the other hand, several organizations promote the importance of preliminary research before privacy rights are breached for the sake of public safety. Development and implementation of social policies should be based on research whenever possible. It should be noted that to date, few research studies about community notification have been conducted. The research that has been completed has not been able to conclude that community notification reduces recidivism or enhances community safety. (Solove, 2003) However, even when we lack scientific information which could justify community notification and privacy breach to protect public safety, the society has not yet invented more effective means of eliminating public safety threats. Sex offenders and terrorists equally represent serious threats to peace and stability in the society. This is why society invents numerous measures to protect itself from the safety threats and to release itself from the safety pressures. It seems that the U.S. will hardly be able to produce any relevant balance between privacy and public safety. The Supreme Court of the United States constantly confirms the real state of legal affairs in the state: privacy means less when it comes to protecting the public safety of the American nation, although we forget that the American nation is made of separate privacy rights and issues which also require protection.            It is stated that â€Å"public safety can be enhanced and limited resources used more efficiently, when, the most aggressive notification practices should be reserved for those offenders who are at highest risk to reoffend and therefore require the most intensive interventions†(Brooks, 1996). However, we must be objective and realistic. When proponents of privacy rights express their desire to utilize sound evaluation procedures, and to protect privacy rights of those who are no longer dangerous to the society, they frequently forget that the American legal system lacks such evaluation models. Public notification has been invented to facilitate the control of public safety and to introduce the timely corrective measures. From the viewpoint of the current legal situation in the United States, the American nation ultimately has to decide what should be more important: privacy rights or public safety. Connecticut v. Doe implies that the country which has gone through terrorist attacks similar to 9/11, cannot any longer neglect the importance of public safety, even when it initially breaches legal privacy principles.            In order to justify breaching of privacy rights, the state should develop a set of legal criteria, which will help determine whether a person or an action represents serious threat to public safety. In contemporary legal environment, the American society has not yet produced any other legal alternatives besides community notification. Specialists and human rights’ proponents may argue that the U.S. laws completely neglect the importance of personal privacy; but Connecticut v. Doe implies that when privacy threatens the whole society it can no longer be relevant.            Conclusion            From the legal viewpoint, Connecticut v. Doe has finally clarified the official state’s viewpoint on the importance of privacy rights vs. public safety. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision has underlined the importance of public safety and the prevalence of public safety principles over privacy rights. Legal professionals still fail to find a correct and justified balance between public safety and privacy rights. This is why it would be more appropriate to develop legal criteria for the assessment of risks a person or an action may produce against the state’s public safety. Of course, community notification about sex offenders â€Å"can create vigilantism†(Solove, 2003). As a result, the state requires thorough re-consideration of all legal and law enforcement practices which are aimed at protecting public safety, and which risk breaking privacy rights. References Brooks, A. (1996). Megan’s Law: Constitutionality and policy. Criminal Justice Ethics, 15, 99-101. Inbau, F.E. (1999). Public safety v. individual civil liberties: the prosecutor’s stand. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 29, 129-134. Solove, D.J. (2003). The virtues of knowing less: justifying privacy protections against disclosure. Duke Law Journal, 53, 6-15. Supreme Court of the United States. (2002). Connecticut Department of Public Safety et al v. Doe, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. Retrieved March 8, 2008 from
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Film: 2001 :: Papers
Film: 2001 2001 is a masterpiece of cinema that still influences film makers nearly thirty years after it was made -- but what does it actually mean? Therein lies the enigma. Of course, 2001 is open to many interpretations and probably even Kubrick couldn't provide the "correct" one. The film is very different from the book; Kubrick reduced the original script to its bare essentials making the actors part of the narrative , but not telling the narrative through the script. making it a lesser part of the hole experience. Where there is speaking it is almost always symbolic The first words spoken signal the decay of human language to empty phrases: "Here you are, sir. Main level, please." The opening of 2001 is the Dawn of Man sequence which dovetails neatly with end of Dr. Strangelove: "We'll meet again, some sunny day " First image in the film is of a rising Sun Obviously, Kubrick pondered deeply the astonishing reality, that idea that man was smart enough to blow up the earth, but not smart enough to stop that from happening (kubric)(man doesn't want to nail himself, but he does). How could such a phenomenon occur? With such strong symbolic events and imagery in the opening seen it is hard to see them all as individual events, kubric uses these to tell the narrative of the story. The Sun is not just light, but heat (a desert). Making the Sun not necessarily good, the Sun is usually seen as positive in relation to dark, but not in a desert. This makes the sun a negative, with the use of water as a positive. The leopard killing the zebra Is a key element to the opening scene representing the behaviour of man the Zebra is a coexistence of black and white? Good an bad together just like man, making the leopard the destruction of man kind maybe symbolising the bomb. To echo the directors words ,QUOTE "you're free to speculate as you wish about the philosophical and allegorical meaning of the film" but
Thursday, October 24, 2019
The Extraordinary Contributions of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet :: Essays Papers
The Extraordinary Contributions of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet There are commonly held stereotypes that women in the early twentieth century were passive or unimportant in affecting the development of the Western Frontier. However, women in Arizona during this time period helped shape history in a multitude of ways. One area impacted by the role of women during the early twentieth century was medicine. An area greatly dominated by males, medicine may not have advanced as successfully in Southern Arizona if it had not been for the efforts of seven women from St. Joseph, Missouri. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet made profound contributions to the Western Frontier in many ways. They severely impacted both areas of education and medicine in Arizona. By exploring the Sisters’ various contributions, this paper will uncover the significance of the Carondelet Sisters’ role in the development of the Western Frontier. In the early twentieth century, pioneers began to inundate the area of Southern Arizona. Among them were the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet; Emerentia Bonnefoy, Monica Corrigan, Euphrasia Suchet, Hyacinth Blanc, Martha Peters, Ambrosia Arnichaud, and Maxine Croisat (Bryne and Cammack). In 1870, these seven women began the exhausting and rigorous journey from St. Louis to Tucson, traveling by rail, sea and wagon. The Sisters came to Tucson on a mission to help Jean Baptiste Salpointe, who was a Bishop in the area. They were to teach in Tucson’s first school, which would transform the ways of education in the Western Frontier. Before the Carondelet sisters’ arrival, little had been done in the state of Arizona in the means of education. The Sisters established education in the area and contributed to the demise of the negative attitudes that parents had about raising their children in the West. Before these contributions, many parents found it necessary to move to a town or settlement where there would be more advantages for their children. "Mother did not let any of the unusual life about us interfere with our bringing up," a young Arizona girl recalled. "Except for the desire of giving us a more extended education than we could get in the state at that time, I am sure my father and mother would have remained†¦instead of removing to New Mexico" (Myres, pg.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Finnie Walsh
Many people say that you must have plenty in common with someone in order to be their best friend. However, in the novel Finnie Walsh by Steven Galloway, this is not the case. Finnie and Paul have a few things in common, such as their passion for hockey, but they were (for the most part) complete opposites. Paul's family has a struggle with money throughout the duration of the novel, while Finnie's family is quite wealthy. After Mr. Woodward's accident, Finnie is struggling to escape the guilt; meanwhile, Paul is able to let it go. Finnie is a risk taker along with being very outgoing; but on the contrary, Paul is very timid and takes everything in stride. Paul and Finnie have few things in common; however, that is what makes them such great friends. Everyone in town knows how wealthy the Walsh family is. It is exploited across town through the pulp mill, multiple shops, and their large estate. After the loss of his wife, Mr. Walsh wants to give nothing but the best to his four sons. The downfall to that is Mr. Walsh is so busy and obsessed with the mania of owning things, that he neglects his sons. Finnie dislikes the impression his family leaves on the town and as a result, he humbly takes less and uses his money for important things. Paul's family is not the most financially stable family in town; fortunately, they are a stable family. The Woodwards love and support each other and they are astonished when Finnie be-friends Paul. â€Å"When I met Finnie Walsh, I was too young to realize that we weren't supposed to be friends†(pg. 2). Thanks to Finnie's blessing, Paul's dream of playing hockey eventually becomes a reality. The Woodwards accept Finnie as one of their own, and give him the attention he strives for from his over-achieving father. This is one of the reasons Finnie feels more guilt about Mr. Woodward's accident than Paul. After Paul's father gets in the terrible accident at the Walsh's pulp mill, things are never the same. A feeling of overwhelming guilt consumes Finnie. He feels that if he had been a better goalie, Mr. Woodward would not have been kept awake, resulting in him not falling asleep and work and losing his arm. Finnie forces himself to become a much better goalie after that awful day. To Finnie, hockey was about life and death†¦ It was a religion†(pg. 87). The only downfall to Finnie wanting to be a better goalie is that he becomes obsessed. Mr. Woodward does not resent nor blame Finnie for this tradgedy, unfortunately, Finnie can't lose his guilty conscience. On the other hand, Paul obviously suffers from guilt as well, but the more he matures, the easier it is for him to come to termsthat is not his fault. He decides to join hockey souly for the love of the game and not because of the accident. As much as Paul loves hockey, he does not let it consume his life. Paul is more understanding than Finnie about the accident, and does not allow it to affect him for the rest of his life. Although Paul does not allow the accident to take over his life, he does change because of it. The accident leaves Paul to be a lot more cautious and more worry-some. Despite his cautious personality, he finds himself trying new things and taking risks because of Finnie. â€Å"†¦ Without Finnie Walsh, I probably wouldn't have had the courage to do half the things I did†(pg. 22). Finnie teaches Paul many important life lessons such as not taking things for granted and not going through life unnoticed. Finnie is the youngest of the four Walsh brothers. In attempts to stand out and get some attention, he is very outgoing and risky. He gets sick of following in his brothers footsteps and tries everything to be an individual. He shares the passion of hockey with all his brothers and plays with them even though he gets bludgeoned and critisized. Finnie is idolized by Paul due to his spontanious attitude, courage, and ability to understand everyone. Paul learns many things from Finnie that he uses throughout his life. Having things in common with a best friend is usually important. Finnie Walsh illustrates that occassionally you do not need to be the same as someone to be their best friend. Finnie is a lot more financially stable than Paul; however, his family isn't very functional. The accident haunts Finnie for the rest of his life, while Paul is able to look past it. Finnie is much more outlandish than Paul but Paul learns many things from him. The pair of boys are able to compliment each other perfectly which portrays the scientifical explaination of â€Å"opposites attract†. lsh
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Giant Hyena - Facts and Figures
Giant Hyena - Facts and Figures Name: Giant Hyena; also known as PachycrocutaHabitat: Plains of Africa and EurasiaHistorical Epoch: Late Pliocene-Pleistocene (3 million-500,000 years ago)Size and Weight: Up to three feet high at the shoulder and 400 poundsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Large size; short legs; powerful head and jaws About the Giant Hyena (Pachycrocuta) It seems that every animal on earth came in larger packages during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, and the Giant Hyena (genus name Pachycrocuta) was no exception. This megafauna mammal was very similar to the modern spotted hyena, except that it was about three times the size (some individuals may have weighed as much as 400 pounds) and more stockily built, with comparatively shorter legs. Save for these crucial differences, however, the Giant Hyena pursued a recognizably hyena-like lifestyle, stealing freshly killed prey from other, presumably smaller, predators and only occasionally hunting for its food, when circumstances demanded. Tantalizingly, the fossils of some Pachycrocuta individuals have been discovered in the same Chinese caves as the modern human ancestor Homo erectus; however, its unknown if Homo erectus hunted the Giant Hyena, if the Giant Hyena hunted Homo erectus, or if these two populations merely occupied the same caves at different times! ​Ironically, given its massive size compared to its modern descendant, the Giant Hyena may well have been driven to extinction by the much smaller spotted hyenawhich would have been ranged much more nimbly over the grasslands of Africa and Eurasia and been able to chase prey over longer distances (during times when freshly killed carcasses were thin on the ground). The spotted hyena was also better adapted for the conditions that prevailed at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, shortly after the last Ice Age, when most of the worlds giant mammals went extinct for lack of available food.
Monday, October 21, 2019
All About Depression, unipolar and bipolar disorders
All About Depression, unipolar and bipolar disorders Free Online Research Papers Unipolar and Bipolar disorders have haunted people throughout the years, making it difficult for them to maintain what they deemed as a normal lifestyle. They watch through cold eyes as others live on normally and wish they too could frolic about so effortlessly. It can make them bitter, angry, or even suicidal. I myself have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder for five years now. I know from experience just how hard it is to want to live a life you expected for yourself, but have a curve ball thrown at you that takes you way off course and plants you where you never saw yourself. My mother suffers from depression so I know the dangers of that disease as well. Happiness does not come easily, and we both must strive to have it. Minor setbacks discourage us from wanting to try again and can put us in a rut for weeks to come. Not knowing or understanding how to handle these disorders can be as precarious as walking around with a loaded gun. These two mood disorders can be easily mistaken for one another without a meticulous examination. Symptoms of unipolar disorder include feelings of hopelessness, uselessness, and despair, lethargy, inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, physical exhaustion, and permanent feelings of anxiety. The sufferer can also experience lack of concentration, a decline in their sex drive, and sudden irrational fears of death and suicide. There are many causes of depression, all depending on the person. It can be sudden even though everything else in the person’s life is running efficiently, or it can be due to a traumatic event, such as the loss of a loved one or battling a chronic illness. Other causes that are less common are hormonal changes, alcoholism or a drug dependency. If a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder however, periods of mania or hypomania have to accompany periods of depression. A person who suffers from bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive illness will have periods of depression, periods of normalcy, and periods of exaggerated happiness known as a manic episode. They can also jump from mania to depression without a period of normalcy in between, as each person suffering from it differs. A period of mania is described as extreme elation, sometimes accompanied by delusions and hallucinations, and has to be present within the person for at least a week. If what a person experiences is within a shorter time frame it is then classified as hypo-mania. It can also cause poor judgment, and denial that anything is wrong. Bipolar disorder is classified in more than one type. There is Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, Rapid Cycling and Cyclothymia. Bipolar I disorder is classified when the sufferer has a manic episode, but sometimes does not have a depressive episode. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by a period of hypo-mania, as well as a depressive episode. Rapid Cycling is classified when the sufferer experiences either manic episodes, depressive episodes, or even mixed episodes at least four times in one calendar year. Lastly, Cyclothymia is characterized by the sufferer experiencing numerous hypo-manic episodes, and periods of depression that are not severe enough to be considered a major depressive episode. With all that considered, it goes to show why diagnosing a person with the right type of Bipolar disorder can be quite a challenge. Like depression, Bipolar disorder can be brought on by a number of factors, such as genetics and environmental factors like life stresses. Primari ly it is believed to be triggered by an imbalance of brain chemicals causing the wide range of symptoms. Treatment for bipolar disorder include medication, therapy, and in extreme cases, electroconvulsive therapy. In general the medication and therapy is used in combination with one another, and two sets of drugs will be issued to the patient, one drug to treat the mania, and another to treat the depression. Anti-depressants alone cannot be used for they can cause ill effects in the patient. Anti-convulsants are commonly used as well as mood stabilizing drugs to help cope with the many symptoms of the disorder. For unipolar disorder the treatment is essentially the same, except anti-depressants are prescribed instead of anti-convulsants or anti-psychotics. Regular therapy sessions are urged as well, to ensure that the patient is getting someone who is reaching out to show they care. A supportive family can also help diminish some of the feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt. Used in conjunction, those three can really change a sufferer’s once bleak outlook on life. In conclusion, Unipolar and Bipolar disorders are close to one in the same, but have few characteristics that differentiate them from one another. It can be very difficult for a psychiatrist to diagnose one from the other without looking thoroughly through a patient’s past and current symptoms and feelings. Both disorders are debilitating and can cause a person to feel resentment at the hardships they must endure in their life as part of the disorder. It’s intricate, but one can learn to live a decent and happy life with either disorder if they work at it enough. Research Papers on All About Depression, unipolar and bipolar disordersArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMind TravelGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Compare And Contrast Essay Final Draft Essays
Compare And Contrast Essay Final Draft Essays Compare And Contrast Essay Final Draft Paper Compare And Contrast Essay Final Draft Paper Essay Topic: Amy Tan Short Stories In Amy Tans short story, Mother Tongue she writes about how she is passionate for all the different types of English that she is capable of speaking. She also wants her mother to accept her for what she decides to be, a writer, l knew had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: so easy to read (471). This quote shows that Tan is able to accomplish her objective of making her mother feel pleased with her work even though her mom is not a fluent English speaker. Through a close comparison of Concerns and Tans use of language, the reader can help understand how the authors covey a similar hem of desiring the approval of their parents, even though their English was limited. Only Daughter and Mother Tongue are both arranged with similar rhetorical devices such as flashbacks and anecdotes. Both essays are memoirs describing how Concerns and Tan became writers. In Concerns Only Daughter, her father refers to her only daughter as one of his sons. l have seven sons. He meant site hiss, seven children, but he translated it as sons. He didnt mean anything by that mistranslation, Im sure. But somehow I could feel myself being erased (1 12-113). In this anecdote Concerns scribes how the language shaped her in wanting to get the approval of her father. In Tans, Mother Tongue, she talks about a political gangster who had the same last name as her family and wanted her family to adopt him. The gangster became powerful and one day showed up at her mothers wedding. Part of what her mom said, Now important person very hard to invite him. Chinese way, come only to show respect, don t stay for dinner. Respect for making big celebration, he shows up. Means gives lots of respect (467). In this flashback Tan describes how her mothers broken language alps her develop her language into the writer she became. F-or Concerns Only Daughter, the audience is mostly Hispanics. This essay can relate best with reader from a Hispanic background, being that they come from a different country and they are not fluent English speakers. They can also relate to Conjoiners family experiences. In contrast, Tans audience is Asian Americans, because they can identify to the type of speech or fragmented or broken language like Tan mentions in Mother Tongue. The simplification of certain concepts that Tan practices in her writing allows her writing to be rasped by a wide range of readers. However, both pieces of writing deal with two female writers that are writing to immigrants from whom English is second language. The diction in both essays contrast from each other because of the choice affords the writers use. In Only Daughter, Concerns: choice of words are casual. After four years of college and two more in graduate school, and still no husband, my father shakes his head even now and says I wasted all that education(112). Here Concerns uses casual language to explain how she feels about her fathers view about her education. In contrast, Amy Tans diction is that of a more formal writing. SF uses academic writing when she talks to her audience. The intersection of memory up on imagination and There is an aspect of my fiction that relates to thus- and- thus (467). Although the diction in the works contrast with exact other, both are written in a way that they can be easily understood. In Mother Tongue, Tan feels resentful of her mother and thinks that her mothers language barrier has made her road to success a very rocky and hard felt battle. Tan later changes how she feels and reflects, Like others, I eve described it to people as broken or fractured English. But I wince when I say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than broken, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness and She ends up feeling sympathy for her mother and regrets how she felt ashamed of her mothers language. In Only Daughter, Concerns feels ungrateful because she was raised in a family of six sons; she feels that her father has always treated her as a shadow. When she becomes a writer she tries to impress her dad with ere stories, In a sense, everything have ever written has been for him, to win his approval even though know my father cant read English She ends up astonishing her father at the end of the story when she presents to him one of her stories which became translated into Spanish. Both writers are seeking the approval of their parent, and the tone for both works, show how at the end they feel content that they have gotten their parents approval. Both writings are a memoir to how Tan and Concerns became writers. They both use several rhetorical devices, and they both address their audience to reach out to them. Even though Tan uses more of an academic writing when communicating with her audience and broken language when communicating with her mother, the essay is very well written and very understanding. Sceneries essay has more casual writing, but she is able to connect to her audience, and show her feelings because she is very detailed. Concerns essay is very well written, very easy to read, and also very understanding. Both authors were successful in giving short detailed stories of their lives to show how they became the writers they are today. Being that both Amy Tan and Sandra Concerns are female immigrants who struggle wrought their lives, they both were able to find their identity and were successful in getting recognition from their parents.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Outline the required contents of the Airplane Flight manual and the Essay
Outline the required contents of the Airplane Flight manual and the Aircraft Maintenence Manual - Essay Example Currently, formats and contents of airplane and rotorcraft flight manuals are stipulated by the General Aviation Manufacturers Association’s (GAMA). An airplane manual has numerous sections that contain adverse information concerning the model of the aircraft at hand. This section provides the fundamental descriptive information about the airplane and power plant whereby most manuals include a three-view drawing of the airplane that provides dimensions of various components. Some of the components included in this section are airplane’s wingspan, its maximum height, overall length, and wheelbase length (American Flyers, 2014). The last part of the General section encompasses abbreviations, definitions, explanations of symbology, as well as some of the vocabulary used in the manual. This section comprises of the delimitations required by the regulation and that are crucial for the safe operation of the aircraft, systems, equipment as well as power plants. It comprises of operating limitations, instrument markings, color coding, as well as basic placards (United States, 2007). Airspeed, weight and loading distribution, power plant, and flight are some of the limitations areas that are included in this section. The Normal Procedures section starts by listing the normal airspeed for normal operations, several checklists that may include preflight inspection, before starting procedures, starting engine, before taxiing, taxiing, before takeoff, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, before landing, balked landing, after landing, and post-flight procedures (United States, 2007). Amplified Procedures area may be provided so as to give more details about the diverse procedures. This section contains all the information required by the aircraft certification regulations, and any additional performance information the manufacturer feels may enhance a pilot’s ability to
Friday, October 18, 2019
Wedding Ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Wedding Ceremony - Essay Example This definition, however, fails to highlight the actual meaning and worth of a wedding ceremony. In most cultures weddings underscored the need for the transition from one stage of life to another. It may no longer be seen that way but in Greek cultures, for example, wedding marked the transition of a woman from one â€Å"Oikos†to her new â€Å"Oikos†. â€Å"She changed from a partner, a maiden, to a nymph, a married woman without children, when she married and then finally to a gyne, an adult woman when she bore her first child. The entire set of marriage rites focused on the bride and her relocation to a new Oikos and Kurios, the most important transition in her life.†(Powers, 1997) The wedding in Greek culture would last three days where each day had an important cultural significance. The first day was the day when a bride would offer her toys and other childhood stuff to deities. This was done to mark her freedom from her old life and transition into a new life. Similarly for Romans as well, the wedding was a critical rite and did not just mean the act of marrying two people. In Roman culture, people could legally live together without a wedding and hence when a ceremony took place, it meant much more than just legalizing the marriage. Just like the Greek ceremony, Romans would also have a day on which the bride would perform certain rituals to mark her transition to the next stage of life. She would also get rid of her toys and childhood belongings. However, the most important part of the ceremony was the hairdo and the dress. The Roman bride would wear the dress only once and her hair would be styled in a particular manner. The veil was a must and it had to be worn by all brides.
Discussion board #14 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Discussion board #14 - Coursework Example It has struck some parts of the world more than others have. For instance, it has been reported in Fallon Nevada that lies within Carson desert. With a population of about 8000 people, stretching 16 Km from Reno, it reported cases of Dustin Gross in 1996. The illness attacked children between the age of 4-9 and they died after three months. The cancer spread in the town within a span of a few weeks. Cancer has been a threat in Fallon for a long time. Recently, 17 children were diagnosed from cancer with many parents reporting similar cases of leukemia (Williams, 2008). CHN has various options at its disposal to help curb this epidemic once there is an outbreak. Basing on ‘IPREPARE’ model whose initials stand for some of the sources of cancer, NHC has established various techniques to help it curb the situation. This essay examines the roles and activities of CHN from a three dimensional perspective that can help protect the people from contracting cancer. According to Sheppard, Speakman, Ridenour, & Witten (2008), many people are ignorant of the causes of cancer. Therefore, educating the mass on the causes of the disease, risk reduction, and follow-up activities would be the best action (2007). This can increase awareness on the symptoms of cancer. Secondly, it may help provide immunization against future infections among healthy children. Thirdly, primary cancer prevention can help in warning residents of hazardous places. Primary cancer prevention can also help CHN carry out investigations on some of the theories explaining the phenomenon of the causative agents of cancer in Fallon Nevada. This will help identify the various causes of the cancer. For instance, it may help investigate whether the environmental conditions and genetics lead to development of cancer. CHN may also recommend the American military base in the town to compensate affected groups who have fallen victims of cancer because of their
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Mass media Ethic case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Mass media Ethic case study - Essay Example Accordingly, Monsignor Burke, the COO of the church has approached a public relations personnel, John Allen, for advice on how to handle this matter. In this case, the church wants to find out whether to declare the nightmare of sexual abuse a past occurrence that has no effects on the current welfare of the church or to blame predecessor bishops for the vice. In this case, there are two fundamental values on which catholic faith is grounded that are concerned. They include truth and justice. In the case of truth, the church advocate for accountability and transparency while for justice, the catholic affirms that each member of the society deserves to be served with justice at all time. The theory, developed to address the issue of Enlightenment rationalism, is grounded on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action is only good if its axiom – the rationale behind it – is commitment to the moral law. In this case, the church should be guided in a way that will help in restoring the morality and public goodwill. As such, I would advise the archbishop to consider three dimensions when making a decision on what to disclose to the media: Firstly, he should consider the truthfulness of the matter. In this case, he should gauge the statement he wants to issue against the truth. In this case, he should uphold the principle of truthfulness. By doing so, the church will ensure that this character-tarnishing story will never haunt again. Secondly, I would advise to evaluate the intentions that the church has in this scenario. In this case, the intentions should reflect god wills and to a large extent, the principle of morality should be taken into consideration. Lastly, the decision reached by the church should uphold dignity and respect on the part of the church. In this regard, I would advise them to take a position that exhibits respect to the member of the congregation and the
Authentication Methods and Techniques Research Paper
Authentication Methods and Techniques - Research Paper Example In the simplest form of authentication, a person was authenticated by merely his/her physical appearance and voice as the authenticating party knew the person by face. As the person’s social circle increased, the need to be authenticated arose in environments where the person was unknown to the authenticating party. So the authentication method evolved and pictures were used in the authentication documents (such as passports, etc.). With time, the personal records and private information of a person increased not only in amount (as it became a requirement in schools, universities, offices, banks, airports, hospitals, ) but also in value (credit cards, debit cards, etc.). Means of authentication evolved significantly thereafter as with the availability of this information on public or private networks (e-banking, e-health, e-ticketing, e-commerce), the access points to this information also increased tremendously (on a public network the information is accessible to millions of Internet users all over the world). It was necessary that only the authorized personnel could access the information and so the authentication techniques relevant to the scenario and information worth would have to be brewed up. As the authentication methods progressed, so did the attacks aimed at stealing the private information (Mallow, n.d.). When an authentication method was compromised, an alternative strategy would be looked into for adapting to. This paper gives an overview of the various authentication methods that have been proposed in various applications and literature and have successfully been used for allowing controlled access to private information. The paper also discusses the vulnerability issues associated with each authentication method and assesses it against some important assessment factors. The paper also discusses how to decide the best authentication strategy while living amidst the sophisticated hackers’ realm. 2. Authentication Techniques and Meth ods As mentioned earlier, authentication involves providing a proof to the authority of one’s identity. The various authentication techniques can be listed down into three broad categories; proof by knowledge techniques, proof by property techniques and proof by possession techniques (Jensen, 2003; Cranor & Garfinkel 2005). All authentication methods can be placed into one of these three techniques. The available authentication techniques and methods can be assessed keeping into consideration the major factors of cost, ease of installation, level of authentication and the usability. In this section the various authentication methods alongside their assessment based on these factors is discussed. A. Authentication by Knowledge This category of authentication is based on the fact that only the actual person himself can know some particular information. Examples include text based passwords or Personal Identification Number (PIN) and the response challenges. a. Passwords / PINs Benefits: This type of authentication is the least expensive of all methods as no specific software or hardware is required to set it up. Furthermore, the method is so easy that the users can easily set up or even change the passwords
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Mass media Ethic case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Mass media Ethic case study - Essay Example Accordingly, Monsignor Burke, the COO of the church has approached a public relations personnel, John Allen, for advice on how to handle this matter. In this case, the church wants to find out whether to declare the nightmare of sexual abuse a past occurrence that has no effects on the current welfare of the church or to blame predecessor bishops for the vice. In this case, there are two fundamental values on which catholic faith is grounded that are concerned. They include truth and justice. In the case of truth, the church advocate for accountability and transparency while for justice, the catholic affirms that each member of the society deserves to be served with justice at all time. The theory, developed to address the issue of Enlightenment rationalism, is grounded on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action is only good if its axiom – the rationale behind it – is commitment to the moral law. In this case, the church should be guided in a way that will help in restoring the morality and public goodwill. As such, I would advise the archbishop to consider three dimensions when making a decision on what to disclose to the media: Firstly, he should consider the truthfulness of the matter. In this case, he should gauge the statement he wants to issue against the truth. In this case, he should uphold the principle of truthfulness. By doing so, the church will ensure that this character-tarnishing story will never haunt again. Secondly, I would advise to evaluate the intentions that the church has in this scenario. In this case, the intentions should reflect god wills and to a large extent, the principle of morality should be taken into consideration. Lastly, the decision reached by the church should uphold dignity and respect on the part of the church. In this regard, I would advise them to take a position that exhibits respect to the member of the congregation and the
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Information Security at Al Nahda Hospital Essay
Information Security at Al Nahda Hospital - Essay Example This is because internet users are potential customers and suppliers, and potential threats, as well. In case information stored in the hospital premises is tampered with, serious, adverse effects may result, because there are so many people who are dependent on this information. It is the responsibility of management to liaise with other departments to protect an organization’s information assets. This report analyses and evaluates information security at Al Nahda Hospital. In this report, the main categories of information assets that may be at risk and have to be protected have been described. The report also appraises the actual and potential threats and vulnerabilities of Al Nahda Hospital’s information assets. The report then formulates a security plan that describes counter measures that will manage the threats that put Al Nahda Hospital’s information assets at risk from a risk management perspective. A comprehensive information security education and awar eness program for use by management, staff and contractors for Al Nahda Hospital is also provided in this report. The report also explores the social, legal, and ethical issues or constraints that may be associated with the implementation of the comprehensive information security plan at Al Nahda Hospital. Finally, the report recommends valid actions that can be taken to improve the information security situation of Al Nahda Hospital. Introduction Al Nahda Hospital is a government hospital which is located in Oman. The hospital has a client server application called â€Å"Health Information Management system (HIMS)†on a local network. It also has applications that have been developed with oracle database, forms and reports. Al Nahda Hospital’s medical staff users can access and use the system from a local network using desktops, Personal Computers, or they can use laptops with WIFI, during wards round. Also, this system is connected to the headquarters with MPLS line. Users have access to both the operating system username and password and the database username and password. After a careful assessment of the information security situation, a security plan for the protection of the information holdings of the Al Nahda Hospital is required. The security plan will ensure that the security personnel oversee the security of information from deliberate and accidental threats to the hospital so as to improve Al Nahda Hospital’s information security. 1.0: Main Categories of Information Assets that may be at Risk and have to be protected Al Nahda Hospital’s information assets may be at risk, as far as the information status is concerned. These assets may be categorized into information assets, software, hardware, systems and people. 1.1: Information Assets Information assets of Al Nahda Hospital that may be at risk and need to be protected include documented information. Documented information contains both printed or written information an d electronic information stored on the hospital’s servers, website, extranets and internets. Electronic information can be stored in laptops, personal computers, cell phones, CD ROM and USB sticks, among other devices. The information that may be threatened
Evolution of Polo Ralph Lauren Essay Example for Free
Evolution of Polo Ralph Lauren Essay Polo Ralph Lauren has become one of the most renounced clothing companies of the 20th and 21st century. The creator of Polo is a man named Ralph Lifschitz who was born on October 14, 1939 in New York, New York (Ralph Lauren). He was born to Fraydl Kotlar and Frank Lifshitz who were Ashkenazi Jewish from Belarus. In 1955, when Ralph was 16, he and his brother changed their last name to Lauren because they were made fun constantly for having a Jewish last name but his brother Lenny kept the last name (Ralph Lauren). At the age of 18 Ralph worked for various fashion stores such as: Bloomingdale’s, Brooks Brothers, and the Rivetz of Boston neckwear company as a salesman for all of the stores (Vogue). While he worked at all these jobs Ralph studied at the City College of New York for business. Three years later in 1960, Lauren was drafted in to the military and he joined the U.S. Army Reserves and he started basic training at Fort Dix (Vogue). Lauren once said â€Å"When I was growing up, officers in uniform were very impressive to me†¦ When you wear an old military jacket there’s some sort of connection to those qualities, the way the uniforms were made really inspired me for some of my designs that I made later on.†(Vogue). Four year later, in 1964 Ralph marries Ricky Low-Beer. Since Ralph had been around clothes so much-to be more correct neckties- he created his first line of neckties in 1967 but instead of using his name Ralph Lauren, he uses the alias Polo (Vogue). In 1968 Polo menswear launched and it featured English-cut suits, pleated pants, and Fair Isle sweaters (Vogue). Ralph told Vogue â€Å"none of the magazines even wrote about my new line, or came to my show†. The president of Bloomingdale-Marvin Traub-took notice of his new line and gave Ralph his own in-store boutique at the age of 29, it opened in 1969. The boutique was very successful and helped position Bloomingdale and Ralph as the new faces of menswear. In 1970 when Lauren was 30 he received an Coty Award for menswear after designing an unlined, â€Å"unconstructed†suit which is basically what most of the suits today look like. In 1971 Ralph puts the man playing polo on the cuff of the shirt instead of on the chest of the shirt like it is now (Vogue). There were some trademark issues which made it to where Ralph couldn’t just put Polo on his clothing. Since Ralph couldn’t do that he called it â€Å"Ralph Lauren†but later he will get the Polo trademark and call his brand Polo Ralph Lauren. By the end of the 1970’s Polo Ralph Lauren will have expanded from the little boutique in Bloomingdale’s to Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, Houston, Dallas, Detroit, Chicago, Atlanta, and Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale, Florida and this was the first sign to Ralph that his clothing company was going to be a big. When the collared shirts with the polo-player logo was introduced in 1972 it was released in 24 different colors. If you had a polo shirt at this time, it showed your class in the preppy world. Ralph Lauren was once asked â€Å"how can a Jewish kid from the Bronx do preppy clothes?†and he replied with this â€Å"Does it have to do with class and money? It has to do with dreams. (Ralph Lauren). Women found his clothes fashionable because it gave them something different to wear than the traditional gypsy and hippie styles of clothing, after figuring out that women liked his clothing he started a womenswear line in 1972 and it was a huge success. Four year later, in 1976 at the age of thirty-seven Ralph Lauren wins another Coty award for womenswear and this makes him the first designer to win in both categories of menswear and womenswear. He also wins a Coty Hall of Fame award, and in celebration of the award The New York Times did an article on him and pictured him with model Patti Hansen in a Tux laughing with Lauren in a Tuxedo Jacket and jeans, both holding cigarettes, the title of the article was â€Å"I’m having a Black Tie Affair with Ralph Lauren.†(Vogue). This gave the brand of Ralph Lauren a huge push around the world because he had a supermodel pose with him in this article and the fact that he was in Time magazine which people all over the world read also put his name out there in the world. In the 1980’s and 1990’s is when Ralph Lauren gained most of his wealth of, 6.5 billion dollars (Ralph Lauren). In the 1980’s Ralph Lauren expanded his business to include children wear, eyewear, underwear, jeans, shoes, accessories, housewares, furs, luggage, and a plethora of other products (Ralph Lauren: American Classic). Even though most of the companies that expanded too fast like this suffered brand image dilution, Polo was actually made stronger because of many reasons. Mainly because Ralph designed everything himself and if he didn’t directly design the item he still had the last say on how the item looked and what material was put inside it. Another reason Polo stayed in high fashion is because retail never lowered and it was always a higher price. Ralph once said â€Å"I won’t lower my price for anyone. If you can’t buy my clothing than don’t buy it.†(Ralph Lauren: American Classic). In the 2000’s Ralph Lauren made a multimedia marketing joint venture with NBC and allies, and ValueVision, operator of Home Shopping Network. Polo Ralph Lauren became one of the first companies only to use advertisement through electronics, Polo.com was created in 2000 and this was one of the first fashion websites in history (Ralph Lauren: American Classic). In 2001 Polo made their first online magazine telling people all things celebrity, sport, art and culture about polo, th at same year Polo created Runway.Polo.com. this was made to provide fashion fans with a look behind the scenes in collection-development and fashion shows, while offering style and beauty tips (Ralph Lauren: American Classic). Through the 46 years Polo Ralph Lauren has had hundreds of fashion shows but never overseas until now. He’s chosen to do his first fashion show overseas at one of the most historic art schools in the world called École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France on October 8, 2013 (Ralph Lauren’s first..). Ralph Lifschitz was just a boy from a working class Orthodox Jewish family in the Bronx who started out selling neckties in many of the high fashion stores in New York. He came from the bottom just selling and making neckties in a small boutique in Bloomingdale to creating and breaking down barriers in the fashion industry. Ralph now has hundreds of stores across the world which has made him a billionaire. Polo Ralph Lauren was made to celebrate the pr eppy, sporty, wealthy, and traveled, while keeping a modern look. Polo has been around for 46 years and has never lost its value which is very rare for any company to do. Works Cited â€Å"Ralph Lauren. Biography†Bio. True Story. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013 â€Å"Ralph Lauren.†The World of Fashion in Voguepedia .2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2013 â€Å"Ralph Lauren: American Classic.†Eurbanista Brand Strategy, Sustainability and the Digital Revolution in Fashion, Luxury and Media. 2009. Web. 14 Oct. 2013 â€Å"Ralph Lauren’s first international runway show honors Paris school restoration.†Luxury Daily. 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013
Monday, October 14, 2019
Crime And Control Models Of Criminal Justice Criminology Essay
Crime And Control Models Of Criminal Justice Criminology Essay Throughout this assignment, it will aim to highlight the similarities and differences between the models of the criminal justice system, especially looking at the due process model and the crime control model. These models consist of challenging crime and allowing the right justice to be issued. Briefly, the due process model was designed to make sure individuals had their rights portrayed and that they had a fair trial to defend themselves in court. In contrast, the crime control model was established to try and ensure that weak criminal cases were dealt with quickly and discarded at the earliest opportunity (Packer, 1968). This meant that larger and more important cases would be dealt with leading to a conviction and punishment as soon as possible. Both models are significant to the criminal justice system and play a major role in identifying crimes and interpreting the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is a complicated system and is constantly changing due to ne w laws and awareness of crimes. The system varies from country to country with the criminal justice being different and having many contrasts with the law by which each country governs and establishes their authority. In England and Wales, the criminal justice system is made up of several agencies including the police, prisons and probation services. These agencies are governed and funded by the government and have to keep to the rules and regulations which the government issues. As these models are only theories from criminologists, this assignment will look into how they could affect the criminal justice system and what advantages or disadvantages they might cause. The criminal justice system is a system which has been set up in response to crime and is made up of a series of agencies which enforce the laws given by a government. In England and Wales, the criminal justice system involves; agencies who enforce the law; the courts system; the penal system; and the crime prevention scheme (Malcolm, D). These are the mains aspects of the criminal justice system which in general try to safeguard people within society and condemn and punishes those individuals who commit crimes. The criminal justice system has many aims and objectives which try to deliver justice in ways to protect the innocent and punish and convict the guilty. The biggest aim is to try and bring offences to justice and reassure the public they are being protected from criminals. They do this through orders of the court, such as collecting fines, and supervising community and custodial punishment (stated http://www.cjsonline.gov.uk/the_cjs/aims_and_objectives/). Many criminologists would agree that the criminal justice system within England and Wales has been effective towards stopping crime and enhancing punishment to those who committed crime. This can be shown through the increase of confidence which the public have identified by studying data from the National Criminal Justice Board (available at http://lcjb.cjsonline.gov.uk/ncjb/perfStats/confidence_e.html) which shows that there has been a 2% increase from March 2008 to June 2009 in the level of confidence among people in England and Wales. This indicates that the criminal justice system is gaining confidence from the public, however it is still a small proportion of people that have confidence, an estimated 39% in June 2009 (National Criminal Justice Board), had confidence that the criminal justice was effective and reliable. As mentioned above, the due process model is the understanding that a person who has come into contact with one of the criminal agencies cannot have their rights rejected without appropriate legal measures. Therefore any individual who is being or has been charged with a crime, they have several rights in which the criminal agencies have to uphold as the individual is protected under human rights which could be said to co-inside and relate to the due process model. Packer (1968) describes the due process model as having less faith in the criminal agencies, such as the police, and believes that among few criminal cases mistakes can happen and additionally, there is a chance of agencies acting corruptly or dishonestly. For that reason, this is why Packer believes this model is useful as it limits the coercive powers of the criminal agencies and if there is an occurrence of any mistake or corruption, an individual has the right to defend them self. Therefore, the main aim of the due pro cess model is to establish a system that an individual is innocent until proven guilty in court (Packer, 1968). Also mentioned above is the crime control model which is a model that Packer (1968) describes as the part of the criminal justice system which condemns individuals for doing an action which is seen as criminal. Packer describes this model as prioritizing in the convictions of individuals who have committed a criminal act and not waiting for the courts to decide. In his theory, Packer believes that this model is concentrated on the conviction and would risk the conviction of innocent people to achieve its goal. The crime control model can therefore be said to be the scheme set to punish people and make a difference towards society in reducing crime and showing the public that by these arrests and convictions, it may show the criminal justice system being effective and beneficial to society. As a result of these two models, which have been analysed and identified, it is possible to link each model together and highlight the similarities and difference which may be involved with each model. Firstly, a comparison that can be made about these models is that they are both essential in tackling crime and trying to reduce crime. Both models try to tackle crime and punish the people who have committed a deviant act. However, both models do this in different ways and how they approach a person who has committed a criminal act is contrasting. For example, the crime control model would say a person is guilty until proven innocent by the courts, whereas the due process model would say that an individual is innocent until proven guilty. Furthermore, there have been several more differences that have been identified compared to similarities which would suggest each model has taken a different approach in tackling crime. A difference which can be noticed is that the due process model believes that policing is the most effective way to tackle crime and it is essential in maintaining justice amongst society. However the crime control model believes that policing has a negative effect on society and more should be done to convict those who have committed crimes and reduce criminal activity. Throughout this assignment, there have been two models which have been identified and analysed through the theories of Packer (1968). However, there are other theorists, such as Michael King (1981), who have studied the criminal justice system and would argue that there were several more models which could make the criminal justice system effective. King (1981) has analysed the criminal system and has published a theory of six models which correspond to Packers theory but King has elaborated on it and argued that Packers work is too simplistic. Kings six models consist of; due process model; crime control model; medical model; bureaucratic model; status passage model; power model. Even though King agrees with Packer, he argues that these six models are essential to the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Kings third model, which Packer does not include in his theory, is about rehabilitation which highlights that some criminals need treatment for their actions and need to be evaluated and treated in the correct manner to reduce them from conducting further criminal activities. This model is essential in identifying and reducing crime as it tackles the issues why criminals commit crime and how they should be punished depending on the mental ability. Therefore with this example, it shows that Packers theory may lack depth and could be said to be too bard and narrow minded which could lack creditability if put into place. However, Kings models do create some criticisms as it may cause further pressure on the criminal justice system to implement rules and procedures. Overall Kings extended models have highlighted that there are issues with Packers work and the models for the criminal justice system should be enlarged and taken into greater consideration. However, as these are only models and have not been put into place, it cannot be said to be more effective than Packers theory as neither of them have been placed into action. In conclusion to this assignment, there have been several issues raised with the due process and crime control models and how these models could affect the aims of the criminal justice system. As stated above, the due process could be said to be essential to the criminal justice system as many criminologists, such as Packer (1968) and King (1981), agree with the idea that people should have their rights portrayed and given an equal chance to defend themselves through the courts and justice system.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
What is Economics? :: Economic Systems Economy Scarcity Essays
Economics, in one aspect, is the study of how individuals, societies, and countries manage to deal with the problem of scarcity. Scarcity is a problem within economics because the wants of people are unlimited and the resources available to fulfil those wants are finite (Sloman, 2001). The answer to scarcity is efficiency which Gowland and Paterson (1993) described as the most benefit from a certain amount of scarce resources. Within the economic system, there are several types of economies, each generating a different level of efficiency. It is said that an economic system that has allocative efficiency, productive efficiency, and equity will be effective. Along with the latter mentioned, the division of labour and comparative advantage, when exploited also bring about the effectiveness of a system. Within an economic system there are two contrasting ideals: the market economy and the planned economy. A free-market or laissez-faire economy makes decisions on an individual level with minimal government intervention. On the other hand of the spectrum lies the planned economy where all economic decisions are made by the government (Sloman, 2001). Both economies have their advantages and disadvantages. In a free-market economy there is freedom of choice, high incentives, and the belief in consumer sovereignty, yet, there are problems such as inequality of income, macroeconomic instability, and the chance of market failure. Likewise, though a planned economy has advantages such as low levels of unemployment and equal distribution of income, there is a loss of personal freedom and lack of consumer choice. Many people feel that efficiency lies in the free-market economy where one can easily answer the questions what should be produced, how it should be produced, and for whom. However, the problem with this ‘capitalist’ economy is that poverty and boom and bust cycles reduce progress (Economic Systems: How Societies adapt to Problems, 2003). â€Å"If you care about economic efficiency, you should like free markets†¦But they would also believe the second one should be qualified, in addition to its stabilisation and distribution functions, governments will be needed to correct market imperfections†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Rhoads, 1999, p.66) Rhoads (1999) mentions how a market economy leans towards more efficiency but needs the government sporadically, a combination which makes the so-called mixed economy. A mixed economy which leans towards laissez-faire, as in the case with the U.S or the United Kingdom, is rather successful. On the contrary, countries, such as Burma or North Korea, which slant towards a planned economy, lack progress. Along with allocative efficiency, how resources should be allocated, productive efficiency, which production method should be utilised, and equity, â€Å"specialisation and exchange are both necessary to have an efficient economy†(Demmert, 1991 p.3). Specialisation comes in the
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Operation Just Cause Essay -- Foreign Policy
Observing the political path of Manuel Noriega from being a paid CIA operative and ally of the American government, to military governor of Panama, to ousted dictator, to convicted American prisoner, exposes a series of political interactions that culminated in Operation Just Cause on December 20, 1989. Coming in the shadow of the fall of the Berlin Wall, and preceding Operation Desert Storm, this brief military action is often overshadowed by the other world conflicts of the time. How does a county the size of America justify invasion of the tiny Panamanian isthmus? How does a dictator such as Manuel Noriega justify declaring war on the United States. Given the great disparity between these two nations, understanding these questions can help interpret their nature. In order to answer these questions, the events leading up to the violent confrontation help establish each nations’ political position and offer insight into their own justifications to engage in military acti on. The realist and Marxist political perspective theories can be used by analyzing and different levels the justification of armed action involving these two nations. Throughout the 1970s and early 80s, Manuel Noriega was an asset to the United States as he worked closely with the Central Intelligence Agency (The Associated Press). As Noriega’s political strength increased in the early 80s, so did the tensions with the Reagan Administration. These increased tensions led to increasing encounters between Noriega’s Panama Defense Forces and American servicemen and civilians stationed in Panama (Phillips). According to the U.S. Army Center of Military History, â€Å"there were over 300 incidences of U.S. military personnel and family members' having experienced... ...including removing Noriega and his regime from power and re-establishing a democratic government, which may be justifiable from an American perspective, however the 20,000 displaced Panamanian citizens may not concur (Phillips). So justification is subjective only to one’s perspective. Works Cited Mingst, Karen A. Essentials of International Relations. New York : W.W. Norton & Co., 2008. Operation Just Cause. 06 April 2012 . Phillips, R. Cody. "Operation Just Cause: The Incursion into Panama." 1990. Rosenthal, Andrew. "The Attack: U.S. Troops Gain Wide Control in Panama." The New York Times 21 December 1989. The Associated Press. Key dates for ex-Panama dictator Manuel Noriega. 27 April 2010. 7 April 2012 .
Friday, October 11, 2019
Literacy for Adolescence Education Essay
The past couple of years have seen a much more focused and concerned behavior towards the curriculum followed by the students and this has gained momentum in the last two decades where the standard movements made the education planners and developers to go over and pay further attention as to what they are teaching their students. The behavior also came into existence after the gap between the educational standards of the foreign students and the American students was perceived as getting wider. This created a wave of panic in the educators who began to fear that their own students are lacking behind in their work and educational standards which is going to have a deep and long lasting effect on the American country. As arts is also an educational field it also came under this movement and so the arts schools are also now competing for existence and focusing deeply on their curriculum. The importance of arts cannot be denied by anyone as it plays a vital role in the student’s life and without it the students are denied the importance of visualizing whatever they are studying in their text books. The knowledge containing in the books are very important for a student to get the concept but without actually visualizing what is written in the text books that knowledge is not worth anything. The art becomes a medium for the students to understand and to see what they are studying without which they would have the knowledge of the books but won’t have any clue as to why or what that knowledge is referring to e. g. take an atom for example. A student can be taught the basic definition, importance, function and parts etc of these basic building blocks but the students wouldn’t be able to grasp the full concept behind an atom without seeing a picture of it and visualizing it. And this is where the study of arts comes in and develops the educational skills of the students. Art helps in exposing the students in encouraging their skills which can be gained through various forms of arts like drama, music, visual paintings etc. The school programs require both kinds of art forms and because of this varying schools promote and focus on it in different ways. This article makes an interesting and intelligent point that the teachers, rather than just focusing on making the students learn their course books, should encourage and help the students in developing their skills on their own. The teachers should focus that their role is not only to help the students to learn but also to make them see the actual hidden meaning behind the words and various subjects. For this arts has to be inculcated into the students so that they can focus on their true potentials. Not only the teachers but the parents and the education providers should encourage them to take maximum benefit from the field of arts as they can. But all the good things have a price to them and similarly the institutions should take the cost into account and make proper financial plans so as to increase and promote the use of art studies as much as they can. Through proper planning and focusing on the importance the education providers would be giving the students maximum opportunity to develop their skills. Bibliography High School Journal. (2008). Enhancing student learning through arts integration: implications for the profession. Retrieved February 12, 2009 from
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Is Violence in the Media Controversial? Essay
Do you have a particular song or movie that you just really love. If you do, have you ever considered the kind of music you listen to or the movies you watch influence the decisions you make about almost everything. This may be really obvious, but a lot of people underestimate it: It’s the power of the media. Media is very powerful and extremely influential. And as teenagers, our minds are a lot more absorbent to the things we see and hear around us. That’s why I think media should be censored. Probably the most common example of the influence of media on teenagers is the Columbine shooting. Public controversy about violent content in the media has a long history that extends as far back as the first decade of the twentieth century in the United States. The earliest controversies revolved around depictions of criminality in the movies, and the very first case of movie censorship occurred in 1908, when the police in Chicago refused to provide a permit for the public display of the movie The James Boys in Missouri. Authorities objected to the content of the film because it focused on violent law-breaking (Hoberman, 1998). The scientific study of the effects of media violence may not extend as far back as 1908, but it was only a few years later that media violence became a focus of the first major investigation of the content and effects of movies. Violence in the media has become a contradictory topic. While some individuals believe that media violence places society in danger of chaos, others find that violence in the movies and on television has no negative effect on societal communities. Research has shown that there are pros and cons to having violence displayed in the Violence in the Media 3 media. The study of media sources (particularly violence in video games, television, and movies) with real-world aggression and violence over time. There doesn’t seem to be many positive aspects to violent television shows or movies, but there’s at least one advantage to watching violence, such as catharsis. There will always be the debate over why some people react with violence after watching violent media and some do not, but the fact remains that there are few good reasons to see so much violence in such explicit detail. Many social scientists support the correlation however; some scholars argue that media research has methodological problems and that findings are exaggerated (Ferguson & Kilburn, 2009; Freedman, 2002; Pinker 2002; Savage, 2004). Measuring aggression and its causes has always been an important focus for social psychologists, partly because excessive aggression isn’t tolerated in our society, and overly aggressive individuals often find themselves in jail because of their behavior. The first experiments on the impact of media violence on human behavior were conducted by psychologists and sociologists who applied theories of social learning and modelling behavior i.e. they thought that people saw violent behavior on TV and copied it. The more violent behavior they saw, especially violence that went unpunished, the more likely they were to behave in a violent manner themselves. Since the 1960s and Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiments, there have been many studies by social psychologists attempting to establish a causal relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior. Violence in the Media 4 Complaints about the possible harmful effects of mass media appear throughout history; even Plato was concerned about the effects of plays on youth. Various media/genres, including dime novels, comic books,jazz,rock and roll, role playing/computer games,television,movies,internet (by computer or cell phone) and many others have attracted speculation that consumers of such media may become more aggressive, rebellious or immoral. This has led some scholars to conclude statements made by some researchers merely fit into a cycle of media-based moral panics. Several scholars (e.g. Freedman, 2002; Olson, 2004; Savage, 2004) have pointed out that as media content has increased in violence in the past few decades, violent crimes among youth have declined rapidly. Although most scholars caution that this decline cannot be attributed to a causal effect, they conclude that this observation argues against causal harmful effects for media violence. A recent long-term outcome study of youth found no long-term relationship between playing violent video games or watching violent television and youth violence or bullying. Violence in the Media 5 Pro: Catharsis Theory The catharsis theory implies that daily interactions cause individuals to accumulate frustrations. These frustrations could lead to the individual committing violent acts if not released by other means. According to this theory, watching others engage in violent acts on television or in the movies relieves the individual of daily frustrations, and creates a society filled with less violence. In essence, the catharsis theory deems media violence as a positive attribute because an individual can release tension without physically harming another individual. Con: Violent Thoughts Researchers have undertaken studies that support the idea of media violence initiating violent thoughts in children and adults. According to the theory of observational learning, children learn through example. As such, kids who unable to decipher the difference between reality and fantasy will imitate behavior viewed on television. If not corrected, these children have the potential to exhibit violent as children and throughout their adult lives. From the perspective, violence in the media initiates violent thoughts that individuals eventually carry out. Violence in the Media 6 Pro: Reinforcement Theory The reinforcement theory holds that media violence reinforces prior beliefs about violence in society. When speaking of media portrayals, the reinforcement theory indicates that violent acts seen in the media occur in society when aggressive behavior already surrounds the viewer. Individuals who learned that violence is wrong will not be influenced by the media to commit such acts. In fact, people whose believe violence to be bad will use such behavior in the media to strengthen their opposition. Con: Justifiable Violence Regardless of an individual’s beliefs about violence, The Center for Media and Public Affairs (CMPA) holds that aggressive behavior in the media presents the idea of violence being a justifiable solution to societal problems. According to CMPA, many television shows with a protagonist through violent acts. While good ruling over evil is a positive concept, some television shows and cinemas do not demonstrate the human consequences of violent acts. Failure to exhibit such consequences informs the viewing audience that violence is the only justifiable means of solving a problem and aggressive behavior has no consequences associated with itâ€â€a concept that is certainly untrue in society. On top of all that, seeing these themes at such a young age helps desensitize him to it when it occurs in reality. In an ideal world, all there would be more child appropriate television, and parents may do more to shield their kids from the guns and explosions that is today’s media. Unfortunately, we don’t live in an ideal world, so I think the media should set their violent content to â€Å"low†, not â€Å"overkill†. Also, not only is their proof that the lack of non-violent television is getting to our kids, but the media has, (whether intentionally or not), shown in a sense, what the violence on television has done to children. The Effect of Violence in the Media on Children Television, movies, and video games are a big part of children’s lives in today’s technologically advanced society. However, there is a big controversy questioning the effects of these media outlets on children. Much of society claims to have proof for the belief that media violence affects children negatively. However, I am skeptical of the evidence that is stated to prove that claim. I feel that society has placed the blame on these mediums for the violent acts, however serious or trivial, that children commit way too easily, before they even begin to examine the parenting of today’s society. National Association for the Education of Young Children supports the reinstitution of FCC standards establishing limits on violent depictions during hours children are likely to watch television. Standards would also control the degree to which violence is depicted so as to be perceived by children as a normal and acceptable response to problems, as equated with power, as leading to reward or glorification of the perpetrator. An additional strategy would be to develop a parental guidance rating system for network. Violence in the Media 8 Conclusion There are many issues surrounding this age-old debate and the perceived effects of violence in the media. Over the past fifty years various studies have both proved and disproved the links between violence in the media and aggression in real life. But somehow the same questions keep coming up: Who is responsible for the violent content in the media? The arguments on each side of the debate are very powerful, and draw on years of discussion, and anxiety about the effects media violence might be having on our society as a whole. Parents need to be aware that much of what children watch on television is not specifically intended for children. It has been estimated that only 10% of children’s viewing time is spent watching children’s television; the other 90% is spent watching programs designed for adults. Parents can assist children in finding alternatives to viewing adult television. You need to sift through the research material and have a look at the different views of parents, psychologists, academics, audiences and media producers. Check who has authored any given report, and how that might affect their conclusions e.g. are they affiliated to a religious group, or an industry association? The irony at the heart of the Violence in The Media debate is that a lot of the media coverage of this topic which condemns violence, actually incorporates violence and is designed to stimulate violent reactions. REFERENCES 1. Savage, J., & Yancey, C. (2008). The Effects of Media Violence on Criminal Aggression; A Meta-Analysis,†Criminal Justice and Behavior. : Sage. 2. Berkowitz, L. (1965). â€Å"Some Aspects of Observed Aggression†. Journal of personality and social psychology 12 (3): 359–369 3. Bender, H.E., and Kambam P., Pozios V. (2013). Does Media Violence Lead to the Real Thing. 4. Brown, Governor of California Supreme Court of the United States (personal communication, June 27, 2011) Entertainment Merchants Association. 5. Freedman, Jonathan L. (2002). Media violence and its effect on aggression: Assessing the scientific evidence. Toronto 6. Ferguson, C. J.; Kilburn, J. (2009). â€Å"The Public Health Risks of Media Violence: A Meta-Analytic Review†. The Journal of Pediatrics 154 (5): 759–763 7. Singer, D., & Singer, J. (1984). TV violence: What’s all the fuss about? Television & Children, 7(2), 30-41.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Visitor Attraction Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Visitor Attraction Management - Essay Example This comparative essay will discuss the contradictory roles of these museums in forming the general perceptions of the people about the holocaust as both these museums provide the knowledge about the holocaust. This paper is divided in to two sections. The first section depicts the correlation between the evolving forms, functions ad role of the museum in explaining and remembering the past events. Specifically, this section will describe that how the holocaust has been explained through the layout, architecture, content and methodologies used in these museums. On the other hand, the second section of this paper identifies the issues specific to the portrayals of the holocaust as it outlines the difficulties encountered in the presentation of the pertinent ending to the holocaust and the problems related to the geographical and political context of the museum. 2. Reinvention, Representation and Public Perception of the Museum The contribution of the museum in developing the public pe rception of the holocaust (in the context of this essay) or any other historical event must be considered as the change in the perception and objective of the museum itself. In the nineteenth century, Michel Foucault recognized the concept of ‘heterotopia of time’ for the museum with the emergence of the idea that a place of all times should be developed that is actually outside time and thereby, preserved and secured from its destruction (Lord, 2006). Hence, the state run museum institution was formed at that time for the purpose of organizing a sort of permanent and infinite collection of time in a place that will not change or move (Grimes, 1999). Then the concept of museum transformed into the development of forms of representation of the past that are more socially responsive and inclusive rather than just being an ‘ivory tower of exclusivity’ (Anderson, 2004). The design, architecture, mediums and content of the museum were inspired by post-structural ism that includes the defiance from absolute truths in their representations of the history. In the era of post modernism, the concept of reality or truth is nothing more than a stuck pile of dead bodies, dead matter, and dead language (Walsh, 1992). Subsequently, the museums like the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum involve their audiences in self reflexive interaction in relation to the subjectivity of their experience and contribution of the audience and the curator towards the development of the historical knowledge (Crane, 1997). Both these museums objectively deny the general expectations of the museums and subvert the assumption that they can provide factual, unbiased and truthful knowledge related to the holocaust through easily understandable forms. 3. Auschwitz Memory and its Representations. Since 1947, Auschwitz-Birkenau is the State museum of the previous German Nazi Concentration Extermination Camp. It is known to be the w orld’s largest cemetery and the historical icon of the World War II that proves the Nazi genocide and reminds of the religious hatred between the Christians and the Jews of that time. This site provides great knowledge about the holocaust history and attracts mass tourism. There also used to be the times when the survivors of the Auschwitz dilemma and
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
The growth diagnostic on Tunisia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words
The growth diagnostic on Tunisia - Assignment Example In the end of 1987, Bourguiba was replaced by Zine el Abidine Ben Ali as the president, he had a smooth time in his government until December 2010 when nationwide protests started over the issues of high rate of unemployment, corruption by the government officials, increasing poverty and increased prices of edibles and fruits and this protest aggravated in jan’2011 which resulted in the killing of hundreds of people. Ben Ali dismissed the government on 14th January 2011 and he left the country on the same day and by the end of Jan’2011, the Prime Minister of the country announced that a National Unity Government will be formed and he announced Fouad M’Bazaa as the president of Tunisia for the interim period. Geography: It is situated in Northern Africa and it is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and it is present between Algeria and Libya. On the world map, its geographical coordinates are 34 00 N, 9 00 E. total area of Tunisia is about 163,610 square kilometer s which is comparatively larger than Georgia. It shares international boundaries with Libya and Algeria and the span of these boundaries is 459 km and 965 km respectively. Its Coastline spans about 1,148km. Climate of Tunisia is quite variable as in the northern region of the country, the winters are mild and rainy but the summers are dry and warm and in the southern region of the country, there is desert. Tunisia is a blend of hilly regions in the north and there are hot and dry plains and also the semiarid area of southern region of the country which joins the Sahara Desert. Tunisia has a lots of natural resources including petroleum, phosphates and metals like iron ore, lead and zinc. About 17% of the land of this country is used for agricultural proposes. The disposal of toxic and waste material is ineffective and poses a serious risk to the health of the community living in there. Other potential natural hazards include the pollution of the drinking water with the sewage and th ere are limited amount of fresh water reservoirs, there is a trend towards increase deforestation as well as soil erosion which results into the desertification of the country. Tunisia holds the strategic location in the central portion of the Mediterranean; nowadays, Malta and Tunisia are having mutual talks to make use of the continental shelf between the two countries especially for the exploration of natural resources like Oil. People of Tunisia: The population of Tunisia will be about 10.6 Million in July 2011 and it is 78th biggest country population wise of the world. About 70% of this population is of the productive age i.e. from 15-64 years, the population growth rate of the country will be 0.978% in 2011. The birth rate is 17.4 births/1,000 population and the death rate is 5.83 deaths per 1000 population. Urban population constitutes about 67% of the total population with 1.5% annual rate of urbanization, the major city of Tunisia is its Capital that is Tunis and its popul ation was about 759,000 in 2009. Infant mortality rate of Tunisia is around 26 deaths among every 1000 live births and the life expectancy at birth is about 75 years. As AIDS is quite a prevalent disease in Africa so for information proposes the adult prevalence of AIDS is less than 0.1% in 2009 and the total number of AIDS patients in Tunisia are about
Monday, October 7, 2019
Compare and contrast two film genres Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Compare and contrast two film genres - Essay Example The storyline in anime starts from a well-developed plot and progresses with complexity that is rarely found in animations. As such, anime develops its storyline through numerous episodes or as many episodes as necessary to convey the entire story and develop the plot (Yumeka, 2009). In anime, the characters change periodically through the entire series and episodes to convey the storyline leading to a conclusion. The complications presented in the story and in anime tend to draw their viewers as the long progression, time spent connecting the dots between the characters, and activities are captivating. The episodes, which are continuous offer breaks in anime to consolidate the concepts presented, and even the storyline, as long as the integrity of the story is maintained. On the other hand, animation lacks this episodic representation of the storyline on a wide scale as it prevents animation from being a long running series. The presentation of characters as static beings in the ani mation creates a state of boredom following the high level of predictability affiliated with animation. This is as opposed to changes in character found in anime since the characters are dynamic, the influence the storyline to be dynamic, as well. It is through this that animation lacks or fails to generate a massive following for its storyline since it tends to be short and suffers from lack of progressive creativity. In addition, the storyline or plot in the case of anime goes much deeper than animation to offer a detailed representation of the themes and characters on offer. It is because of this that the complexity of the anime storyline beats the cliche line that animations offer, especially on being funny and eliciting humor cliche to viewers (colpolbear, 2012). Complexity in anime ensures that the audience is gripped by the story, and that as mentioned earlier, every move remains unpredictable, which is maintained and ensured by the length and dynamism of the characters. In a ddition, in animation, there is sustained simplicity in the plot, which is further defined to follow a conventional pattern (articlebase, 2006). This pattern is what is labeled as cliche and few animations attempt to go beyond it, which anime beats to pulp by running complex scripts and sustaining their unpredictable nature. Animations focus on heroism and concepts of good and evil, as well as humor, which is mean to set the audience to burst out laughing. The concept of good people and bad people is featured extensively in animation as part of the storyline promoting heroism. Abstract concepts and ideas are generated, in anime, to represent any possible situation that one can think of including the unthinkable for the audience. This can be seen through the integration of concepts such as politics, religion, humanity and even fantasy that are found in to father plot development and bring to light certain ideas in an educational light. This is just the opposite for animation as the m ain idea is fun, fun and more fun for the viewer and audience, which is directed at entertaining them. Concerning characters, anime and animation in film differ a lot as each has its own of presenting their characters and their roles. Animations tend to have three characters, and the rest only play supporting roles for
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